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Osburh
Osburh
	Early 20th-century illustration of Osburh reading to her son Alfred
Spouse	Æthelwulf, King of Wessex
Issue	Æthelstan, King of Kent; Æthelswith, Queen of Mercia; Æthelbald, King of Wessex; Æthelberht, King of Wessex; Æthelred I, King of Wessex; Alfred, King of the Anglo-Saxons;
Father	Oslac

Osburh or Osburga (also Osburga Oslacsdotter) was the first wife of King Æthelwulf of Wessex and mother of King Alfred the Great. Alfred's biographer, Asser, described her as "a most religious woman, noble in character and noble by birth."^[1]

Sources

Osburh's existence is known only from Asser's Life of King Alfred. She is not named as a witness to any charters, nor is her death reported in the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle. So far as is known, she was the mother of all Æthelwulf's children, his five sons Æthelstan, Æthelbald, Æthelberht, Æthelred and Alfred, and his daughter Æthelswith, wife of King Burgred of Mercia.

Osburh is best known from Asser's story about a book of Saxon songs she showed to her sons, offering to give the book to whoever could first memorise it, a challenge Alfred took up and won. This exhibits high-status ninth-century women's interest in books and their role in educating their children.^[2]

Osburh was the daughter of Oslac (who is also only known from Asser's Life), King Æthelwulf's pincerna (cupbearer), an important figure in the royal court and household.^[3] Oslac has partial Gothic ancestry^[4] and is a descendant of King Cerdic's Jutish nephews, Stuf and Wihtgar, who conquered and settled the Isle of Wight.^[5]

Notes

^ Simon Keynes and Michael Lapidge (eds), Alfred the Great: Asser's Life of King Alfred and Other Contemporary Sources, London: Penguin Classics, 1983, p. 68.
^ Janet L. Nelson, Osburh, 2004, Oxford Online Dictionary of National Biography. In Nelson's view, Osburh may have been dead by 856 or may have been repudiated.
^ Keynes and Lapidge, pp. 68, 229.
^ "Asser's Life of King Alfred, by Albert S. Cook—A Project Gutenberg eBook". www.gutenberg.org. Retrieved 25 September 2024.
^ Asser states that Oslac was a Goth, but this is regarded by historians as an error as Stuf and Wightgar were Jutes. Keynes and Lapidge, pp. 229–30, and Frank Stenton, Anglo-Saxon England, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 3rd edition 1971, pp. 23–24.

References

Lees, Clare A., & Gillian R. Overing (eds), Double Agents: Women and Clerical Culture in Anglo-Saxon England. University of Pennsylvania Press, Philadelphia, 2001. ISBN 0-8122-3628-9.