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Northeast Asia
Area	9,600,000 km²; (3,700,000 sq mi)
Population	341.55 million (2024)
Population density	143/km² (370/sq mi)
GDP (nominal)	$31.88 trillion (2024)
Demonym	Northeast Asian
Countries	China (Northeast China); Japan (Japanese archipelago); North Korea; South Korea (Korean peninsula); Mongolia (Mongolian Plateau); Russia (Russian Far East)
Languages	Japonic, Koreanic, Tungusic, Sino-Tibetan, Mongolic, Slavic

Northeast Asia, sometimes called Northeastern Asia or Northeast Eurasia, is a geographical subregion of Asia. Its northeastern landmass and islands are bounded by the North Pacific Ocean.

The term Northeast Asia was popularized during the 1930s by American historian and political scientist Robert Kerner. Under Kerner's definition, "Northeast Asia" includes the Japanese archipelago, the Korean peninsula, the Mongolian Plateau, the Northeast China Plain, and the mountainous regions of the Russian Far East, stretching from the Lena River in the west to the Pacific Ocean in the east.^[1]

Definitions

The definition of Northeast Asia is not static but often changes according to the context in which it is discussed.

The nations of Northeast Asia is composed of China (Northeast region), Japan, Korea, and usually include Mongolia and Siberia. Parts or the whole of Northern China are also frequently included in sources.^[2]^[3]^[4] The Economic Research Institute for Northeast Asia defines the region as the aforementioned countries, including Russia.^[5]

Prominent cities in this area include Busan, Changchun, Dalian, Harbin, Hiroshima, Incheon, Khabarovsk, Kitakyushu, Kobe, Kyoto, Nagasaki, Nagoya, Osaka, Pyongyang, Sapporo, Seoul, Shenyang, Tokyo, Ulaanbaatar, Vladivostok, and Yokohama.

Demographics

The peoples of Northeast Asia include the Japanese, the Koreans, the Manchus, the Northern/Northeastern Han Chinese, the Mongols, and the Slavs. Through these groups, the region includes language families such as Japonic, Koreanic, Tunguisic, Sino-Tibetan, Mongolic, and Slavic.

The total population count is around 341.55 million in 2024 with a population density of 143/km² (370/sq mi).

Economy

Northeast Asia is one of the most important economic regions of the world, accounting for 25.3% of the world's nominal GDP in 2019,^[6] which is slightly larger than the United States. It is also one of the major political centers and has significant influence on international relations.

By the end of the 1990s, Northeast Asia had a share of 12% of the global energy consumption, with a strong increasing trend.^[7]

By 2030, the major economic growth in the region is expected to double or triple this share.

Biogeography

In biogeography, Northeast Asia generally refers roughly to the area spanning the Japanese archipelago, the Korean peninsula, Northeast China, and the Russian Far East between Lake Baikal in southern Siberia and the Pacific Ocean.^[8]

Northeast Asia is mainly covered by temperate forest, taiga, and the Eurasian Steppe, while tundra is found in the region's far north. Summer and winter temperatures are highly contrasted. It is also a mountainous area.

References

Citations

^ Narangoa 2014, p. 2.
^ "Northeast Asia dominates patent filing growth." Retrieved on August 8, 2001.
^ Schott, Jeffrey J.; Goodrich, Ben. "Economic Integration in Northeast Asia" (PDF). Peterson Institute for International Economics. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2016-03-04. Retrieved August 8, 2011.
^ Gilbert Rozman (2004), Northeast asia's stunted regionalism: bilateral distrust in the shadow of globalization. Cambridge University Press, pp. 3–4
^ Economic Research Institute for Northeast Asia (1999). Japan and Russia in Northeast Asia: Partners in the 21st Century. Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 248.
^ Song, Linlin; Spezza, Gianluca (2023). "The Northeast Asian Economic Review". ERINA - Economic Research Institute of Northeast Asia. 8 (1): 1.
^ "Environmental Information Network in North East Asia Region". www.npec.or.jp.
^ Guo, Rongxing (2012-01-01), Guo, Rongxing (ed.), "11 - The Tumen River Delta: Development and the Environment", Developments in Environmental Science, Cross-Border Resource Management, vol. 10, Elsevier, pp. 307–323, doi:10.1016/b978-0-08-098319-6.00011-x

Sources

Narangoa, Li (2014). Historical Atlas of Northeast Asia, 1590-2010: Korea, Manchuria, Mongolia, Eastern Siberia. New York, NY: Columbia University Press. ISBN 9780231160704.

External links

Center for Northeast Asian Policy Studies—Brookings Institution
Kimura, Takeatsu – International Collation of Traditional and Folk Medicine - Northeast Asia - UNESCO

[FOOTNOTENarangoa20142-1] Narangoa 2014, p. 2.

[2] "Northeast Asia dominates patent filing growth." Retrieved on August 8, 2001.

[3] Schott, Jeffrey J.; Goodrich, Ben. "Economic Integration in Northeast Asia" (PDF). Peterson Institute for International Economics. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2016-03-04. Retrieved August 8, 2011.

[4] Gilbert Rozman (2004), Northeast asia's stunted regionalism: bilateral distrust in the shadow of globalization. Cambridge University Press, pp. 3–4

[5] Economic Research Institute for Northeast Asia (1999). Japan and Russia in Northeast Asia: Partners in the 21st Century. Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 248.

[6] Song, Linlin; Spezza, Gianluca (2023). "The Northeast Asian Economic Review". ERINA - Economic Research Institute of Northeast Asia. 8 (1): 1.

[7] "Environmental Information Network in North East Asia Region". www.npec.or.jp.

[8] Guo, Rongxing (2012-01-01), Guo, Rongxing (ed.), "11 - The Tumen River Delta: Development and the Environment", Developments in Environmental Science, Cross-Border Resource Management, vol. 10, Elsevier, pp. 307–323, doi:10.1016/b978-0-08-098319-6.00011-x

v t e Regions of Asia
Central (Turkestan)	Roof of the World Greater Middle East Aral Sea Aralkum Desert Caspian Sea Dead Sea Sea of Galilee Tartary Transoxiana Turan Greater Khorasan Ariana Arachosia Khwarazm Sistan Kazakhstania Kazakh Steppe Betpak-Dala Eurasian Steppe Kazakh Steppe Mongolian–Manchurian grassland Iranian plateau Altai Mountains Pamir Mountains Tian Shan Badakhshan Wakhan Corridor Wakhjir Pass Mount Imeon Mongolian Plateau Western Regions Taklamakan Desert Karakoram Trans-Karakoram Tract Siachen Glacier Tibetan Plateau
East (Northeast)	Orient Japanese Archipelago Northeastern Japan Arc Sakhalin Island Arc Korea Gobi Desert Taklamakan Desert Greater Khingan Mongolian Plateau Inner Asia Greater Central Asia Inner Mongolia Outer Mongolia China proper Manchuria Northeast China Northeast China Plain Outer Manchuria Mongolian–Manchurian grassland North China Plain Yan Mountains Liaodong Peninsula High-mountain Asia Himalayas Tibetan Plateau Karakoram Kunlun Mountains Qilian Mountains Hengduan Mountains Tarim Basin Qinling Mountains Sichuan Basin Northern Silk Road Hexi Corridor Yunnan–Guizhou Plateau Lingnan Liangguang Jiangnan Jianghuai Guanzhong Huizhou Wu Jiaozhou Zhongyuan Shaannan Ordos Loop Loess Plateau Shaanbei Hamgyong Mountains Central Mountain Range Japanese Alps Suzuka Mountains Leizhou Peninsula Gulf of Tonkin Yangtze Yangtze Delta Yellow River Pearl River Delta Yenisei Basin Altai Mountains Wakhan Corridor Wakhjir Pass Far East/Pacific Asia Ring of Fire Zomia Asia-Pacific Tropical Asia
North (Siberia)	Arctic Arctic Circle Inner Asia Northeast Ural Ural Mountains Far East/Pacific Asia Russian Far East Okhotsk–Manchurian taiga Beringia Chukchi Peninsula Kamchatka Peninsula Extreme North Tartary Siberia Baikalia (Lake Baikal) Baraba steppe Khatanga Gulf Transbaikal West Amur Basin Yenisei Gulf Yenisei Basin Sikhote-Alin Kolyma Bering Strait Ring of Fire Outer Manchuria Asia-Pacific
South (Indian Subcontinent)	Subregions Eastern Northern Northwestern Southern Orient Greater India Indian subcontinent Himalayas Kangchenjunga Nanda Devi Hindu Kush Bactria Carnatic region Tamilakam Western Ghats Eastern Ghats Ganges Basin Ganges Delta Guzgan Pashtunistan Punjab Balochistan Gedrosia Makran Marathwada Kashmir Kashmir Valley Pir Panjal Range Thar Desert Indus Valley Indus River Delta Indus Valley Desert Indo-Gangetic Plain Eastern Coastal Plains Kalinga Western Coastal Plains Meghalaya subtropical forests Lower Gangetic Plains moist deciduous forests Northwestern Himalayan alpine shrub and meadows Doab Bagar tract Great Rann of Kutch Little Rann of Kutch Deccan Plateau Coromandel Coast Konkan False Divi Point Hindi Belt Ladakh Aksai Chin Gilgit-Baltistan Baltistan Shigar Valley High-mountain Asia Karakoram Saltoro Mountains Siachen Glacier Bengal Bay of Bengal Gulf of Khambhat Gulf of Kutch Halar Gulf of Mannar Palk Strait Trans-Karakoram Tract Wakhan Corridor Wakhjir Pass Lakshadweep Laccadive Islands Aminidivi Paropamisadae Andaman and Nicobar Islands Andaman Islands Nicobar Islands Maldives Alpide belt Zomia Asia-Pacific Tropical Asia
Southeast (East Indies)	Orient Sundaland Mainland/Indochina Northern Triangle temperate forests Maritime/Malay Archipelago Peninsular Malaysia Sunda Islands Greater Sunda Islands Lesser Sunda Islands Indonesian Archipelago/Nusantara Wallacea Timor Philippine Archipelago Luzon Mindanao Visayas Leyte Gulf Gulf of Thailand East Indies Nanyang Alpide belt Far East/Pacific Asia Ring of Fire Southeast Asian Massif Zomia Asia-Pacific Tropical Asia
West (Middle East and the South Caucasus)	Red Sea Hanish Islands Caspian Sea Mediterranean Sea Zagros Mountains Elam Persian Gulf Pirate Coast Strait of Hormuz Greater and Lesser Tunbs Al-Faw Peninsula Gulf of Oman Gulf of Aqaba Gulf of Aden Balochistan Arabian Peninsula Najd Al-Yamama Hejaz Tihamah Eastern Arabia South Arabia Hadhramaut Arabian Peninsula coastal fog desert Al-Sharat Tigris–Euphrates Mesopotamia Upper Mesopotamia Lower Mesopotamia Sawad Nineveh Plains Akkad (region) Babylonia Suhum Eastern Mediterranean Mashriq Eber-Nari Kurdistan Levant Levantine corridor Syria region Palestine region Transjordan Jordan Rift Valley Philistia Golan Heights Hula Valley Galilee Canaan Gilead Syrian Desert Judea Samaria Arabah Aram Aram-Naharaim Negev Phoenicia Retjenu Anti-Lebanon Mountains Bekaa valley Levantine Sea Sinai Peninsula Arabian Desert Fertile Crescent Iranian Azerbaijan Hauran Iranian plateau Dasht-e Kavir Armenian highlands Caucasus Caucasus Mountains Greater Caucasus Lesser Caucasus South Caucasus Shirvan Kur-Araz Lowland Lankaran Lowland Alborz Absheron Peninsula Kartli Anatolia Taurus Mountains Aeolis Paphlagonia Phasiane Isauria Ionia Bithynia Cilicia Cappadocia Caria Corduene Chaldia Doris Lycaonia Lycia Lydia Galatia Pisidia Pontus Mysia Arzawa Speri Sophene Biga Peninsula Troad Tuwana Alpide belt

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